Informatics Publishing Limited

D. Rajesh Kumar ¹, L. Manipriya ², M. Radhika ², S. Anusha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (Dt), Andhrapradesh, IN
2 Siddhartha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narsaraopet, Guntur (Dt), Andhrapradesh, IN

Abstract

Infantile Refsum disease (IRD) also called infantile phytanic acid storage disease is a rare autosomal recessive congenital peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD). First it was discovered by Norwegian neurologist, Sigvald Refsum. Refsum disease also has a Latin name, heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis, meaning a hereditary disease affecting balance and the peripheral nerves. There are four types of PBDs - Zellweger syndrome (ZS), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), infantile Refsum disease (IRD) and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). Mainly it occurs due to elevated plasma concentration of phytanic acid. Blood levels of phytanic acid are increased in patients with Refsum disease. These levels are 10-50 mg/dL, whereas normal values are less than or equal to 0.2 mg/dL. Some of the causes of this disease are muscle conditions,brain conditions, genetic variations. The main symptoms are Visual impairments, Retinitis pigmentosa and hearing impairments. IRD is definitively confirmed with biochemical evaluation. Diagnosis of IRD before birth is possible by genetic testing. The main differential diagnoses include Usher syndrome I and II. The main complication of this disease is Cardiac involvement i.e. produce conduction abnormalities and cardiomyopathy has been associated with premature death. Mainly it is treated by dietary restriction. Another common approach is in supplementing the child's diet with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Keywords

Infantile Refsum Disease, Zellweger Syndrome, Phytanic Acid, Retinitis Pigmentosa and Cardiomyopathy.

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S. Anusha ¹, N. Swetha Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering, KG Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

Today, many engineering educators are concerned that their students do not receive enough practical knowledge of engineering and its context. Many engineering faculty members believe the educational solution lies in taking a more constructive approach, where students construct knowledge and connections between nodes of knowledge as opposed to passively absorbing knowledge. In this paper we are focusing on 1). Observational learning and 2). Identifying strategies for promoting social learning. Social learning has grown rapidly in the past few years in colleges requiring instructors to learn effective ways to build communities of learners. There are barriers to avoid, as well as key components to include, when creating social learning environments. Educators see social-learning as a way to both implement a constructivism in engineering education as well as match the teaching styles to the learning styles of typical engineering students.

Keywords

Social Learning, Observational Learning, Constructivism, Online Education.

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S. Anusha ¹, N. Swetha Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 K.G. Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, IN

Abstract

The voices of students have been missing from the discussion of educational change and the change process. Students are the key stakeholders in the change process. Educators and policymakers need to think of students as the potential beneficiaries of change. We rarely think of students as participants in a process of change and organizational life. Additionally, there are many who believe that students are not capable of making informed decisions. Student voice is important to foster in our classroom because learning becomes more memorable, and students develop research and leadership skills which helps them in building their career. This paper argues that students voice is important in development of educational institution, nation and also to make the student as a perfect confident individual. This paper describes the importance of considering the student voice in classroom and as well as college and how it effectively changes the college and classroom environment. It also gives a clear idea of the methods that can be implemented to involve students in different activities and transform them as a student who can face any challenge and achieve success.

Keywords

Student Voice, Educational Change, Stake Holders, Research.

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S. Haja Sherief ¹, S. Sindhura ², S. Anusha ², P. Jaya Preethi ², S. Sengotuvelu ², T. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Nandha College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Koorapalayam Piruvu, Erode-638052, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Pharmacy, Nandha College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Koorapalayam Piruvu, Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638052, IN

Abstract

The present paper deals with evaluation of anti-anxiety activity of extract of Cyndon dactylon linn (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg P.O) on male mice using various paradigms of anxiety Cynodon dactylon commonly known as Durva is considered as a sacred herb by the Hindus and is used in religious rites. It is widely used by the people of India as a traditional medicine for diarrhea, dysentery, catarrhal opthalmia, dropsy, etc. Despite a long tradition of use, systematic phytochemical and pharmacological work has been carried out on this potential plant. Extraction was carried out with soxhlet apparatus using different solvent. Phytochemical screening showed presence alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, fixed oils, glycosides, flavanoids in methanolic extract of Cyndon dactylon linn thus, these constituents might be responsible for anxiolytic potential and was subjected to preliminary anti-anxiety screening studies, with a view to ascertain the verity of its traditional use as an anxiolytic.. The anti-anxiety activity was done by using elevated plus maze test, open field test, rotarod test, despair swim test, locomotar activity in rats,and then compared with the standard drug and control. In elevated plus maze, extract ( 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) had shown a dosedependent increase in time spent and number of entries into open arm compared to control group. The number of central squares, peripheral squares crossed and rearings were stepped up significantly in open field paradigm. The treated groups had shown accession in time spent in light compartment, number of crossings, latency compared to control group in light dark exploration test.The alcoholic extract of Cyndon dactylon possesses significant facilitation of anti-anxiety without affecting motor coordination.

Keywords

Cyndon dactylon (Linn), Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Anxiety Activity.

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S. Anusha ¹, T. R. Shanmugapriya ¹, S. Venkatalakshmi ¹, Har Narayan Upadhyay ², V. Elamaran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of EEE, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of ECE, School of EEE, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

In the current semiconductor technology evolution, there is a huge demand in designing a low power, high speed adders with less area. As adders are essential components in the data-path of any computer system, adder modules are needed to be enhanced for better performance. One such efficient adder implementation is the Carry Look-Ahead Adder (CLA) which is designed to overcome the latency introduced by rippling effect of carry bits in a conventional Ripple Carry Adder (RCA). Further, the use of this CLA module in the place of Ripple Carry Adder module inside a Carry Select Adder (CSEA) is proposed for increased speed. Also, a novel implementation of adder, making use of the fact that the sum and carry are compliment of one another, except when all the inputs are same is presented. Simulation results show that a 4-bit carry select adder provides a better performance at the cost of power dissipation as 89.211 μW compared with 38.414 μW by a ripple carry adder with 0.12 μm technology processes. In this study, these high speed adders are implemented with the help of the Digital Schematic (DSCH) software tool, Micro wind layout editor tool and Quartus II synthesis software tool. This Quartus II synthesis tool is used for the implementation of adders on Altera EP2C20F484C7 FPGA device. These kinds of adders are further to be extended to build high-speed multipliers which are most important for the applications like digital signal processors, microprocessors, etc.

Keywords

Altera FPGA, Carry Look-Ahead Adders, High Speed Adders, Reduced Full Adder, VLSI.

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